Species FAO code: TUR

Scophthalmus maximus

Page contents

Commercial designations
Production methods and fishing gears
EU quality schemes and nutrition values
Conservation measures
Marketing standards
Species distribution and habitat
Species description
Combined Nomenclature

Commercial designations

Country	Commercial designations	Names accepted or permitted locally or regionally
Austria	de Steinbutt [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] de Steinbutt	–
Belgium	fr Turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] nl Tarbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Bulgaria	bg Калкан	–
Croatia	hr veliki romb	–
Denmark	da Pighvarre	–
Estonia	et Kammeljas	–
Finland	fi piikkikampela [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] sv piggvar [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
France	fr turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Germany	de Steinbutt [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] de Steinbutt	–
Hungary	hu óriás rombuszhal [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Ireland	en Turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] ga Turbard [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Italy	it Rombo chiodato [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Latvia	lv Akmeņplekste	–
Lithuania	lt paprastasis otas	–
Luxembourg	de Steinbutt [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] de Steinbutt [Rhombus maximus synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] fr turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] fr turbot [Rhombus maximus synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Malta	en Turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] it Rombo chiodato [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] mt Barbun imperjali [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Netherlands	nl Tarbot	–
Poland	pl Skarp pl Skarp [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] pl turbot pl turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Portugal	pt Pregado [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Romania	ro Calcan [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Slovakia	sk kalkan veľký [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–
Slovenia	sl romb [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] sl veliki romb	–
Spain	es Rodaballo es Rodaballo [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	Asturias: Clavudo Asturias: Clavudo [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] Balearic Islands: Remol Balearic Islands: Turbot Balearic Islands: Remol [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] Balearic Islands: Turbot [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] Catalonia: Rèmol empetxinat Catalonia: Rèmol empetxinat [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] Valencia: Rémol empetxinat Valencia: Rémol empetxinat [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus] Basque Country: Erreboillo Basque Country: Erreboillo [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]
Sweden	sv Piggvar [Psetta maxima synonym for Scophthalmus maximus]	–

Main production methods

Caught
Farmed

Main fishing gears

Source: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. FishBase. Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nutrition values

	Nutrition values per serving (100g)
Energy	95.0 kcal
Total fat	2.95 g
Saturates	0.75 g
Carbohydrate	0.0 g
Protein	16.05 g
Salt	375.0 mg

Source: USDA - FoodData Central

Minimum conservation reference sizes

As defined in art. 8 of Regulation (EU) 2015/812 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015, which admends article 47 of Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013, where minimum conservation reference sizes are established, they shall constitute minimum marketing sizes. More

Minimum conservation reference size

≥ 45.0 cmTotal length (TL)

Fishing areas

37.4.2 Black Sea

Minimum conservation reference size

≥ 30.0 cmTotal length (TL)

Fishing areas

27.3.b.23 Sound
27.3.c.22 Belt Sea
27.3.d.24 Baltic West of Bornholm (Subdivision 24)
27.3.d.25 Southern Central Baltic - West (Subdivision 25)
27.3.d.26 Southern Central Baltic - East (Subdivision 26)
27.3.d.27 West of Gotland (Subdivision 27)
27.3.d.28 East of Gotland or Gulf of Riga (Subdivision 28)
27.3.d.29 Archipelago Sea (Subdivision 29)
27.3.d.30 Bothnian Sea (Subdivision 30)
27.3.d.31 Bothnian Bay (Subdivision 31)
27.3.d.32 Gulf of Finland (Subdivision 32)

TACs and quotas

Total allowable catches (TACs) or fishing opportunities, are catch limits (expressed in tonnes or numbers) that are set for most commercial fish stocks. TACs are set annually for most stocks (every two years for deep-sea stocks) by the Council of fisheries ministers. TACs are shared between EU countries in the form of national quotas. For each stock a different allocation percentage per EU country is applied for the sharing out of the quotas. Read more: TACs and quotas

Stocks (2021)

FLX/05B-F.

Pleuronectiformes

Fishing areas

27.5.b Faeroes Grounds (Division Vb) Faroese waters

TAC

Not relevant

Union

0.0 t

Stocks (2021)

T/B/2AC4-C

Scophthalmus maximus
Scophthalmus rhombus

Fishing areas

27.4 North Sea (Subarea IV) United Kingdom and Union waters
27.2.a Norwegian Sea (Division IIa) United Kingdom waters

TAC

5848.0 t

Union

4568.0 t

6.0 t

846.0 t

3001.0 t

396.0 t

102.0 t

216.0 t

Stocks (2021)

TUR/F3742C

Scophthalmus maximus

Fishing areas

37.4.2 Black Sea Union waters

TAC

857.0 t

Union

150.0 t

No fishing activity, including transhipment, retaining on board, landing and first sale shall be permitted from 15 April to 15 June 2021.

75.0 t

Habitat

Saltwater
Brackish water

FAO major fishing areas

Source: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. FishBase. Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scientific name

Scophthalmus maximus

Author

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Rank

Species

FAO code

TUR

Morphological description

Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).

Taxonomic classification

ClassActinopterygii
- OrderPleuronectiformes
  - FamilyScophthalmidae
    - GenusScophthalmus
      - SpeciesScophthalmus maximus

Synonyms

Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835
Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758
Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832
Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932
Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806
Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835
Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)

Source: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. FishBase. Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

An annually revised goods classification scheme used in EU for the purposes of customs duty and foreign trade statistics. The scheme is based on the Harmonized System nomenclature, further extended with Community subdivisions. Each subdivision is identified by an eight-digit numerical code. Read more: Combined Nomenclature

03 — CHAPTER 3 - FISH AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
- 0302 — Fish, fresh or chilled, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304
  - Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae), excluding livers and roes
    - 0302 29 — Other
      - 0302 29 80 — Other
- 0303 — Fish, frozen, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304
  - Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae), excluding livers and roes
    - 0303 39 — Other
      - 0303 39 85 — Other
- 0304 — Fish fillets and other fish meat (whether or not minced), fresh, chilled or frozen
  - Fresh or chilled fillets of other fish
    - 0304 43 00 — Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae)
  - Frozen fillets of other fish
    - 0304 83 — Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae)
      - 0304 83 90 — Other

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Scophthalmus maximus

Commercial designations

Main production methods

Main fishing gears

Hooks and lines

Trawls

Nutrition values

Minimum conservation reference sizes

TACs and quotas

Stocks (2021)

Stocks (2021)

Stocks (2021)

Habitat

FAO major fishing areas

Area 27 - Atlantic, Northeast

Area 34 - Atlantic, Eastern Central

Area 37 - Mediterranean and Black Sea

Area 81 - Pacific, Southwest